ABSTRACT
Background: COPD is 4th leading cause of death worldwide and predicted to be third by 2030. In India, COPD accounts for 7% of deaths and 3% DALYs loss. Study was conducted to Find the prevalence & determinants of COPD among 35 years & above rural population of Gurugram, Haryana and also determine health seeking behavior & economic burden of COPD cases. Methods: The study was conducted among field practice area of PHC Garhi Harsaru for one year. A total of 1434 individuals 35 years and above of age found in 700 households among were selected by probability proportion to size (PPS) sampling methods. 115 cases detected as cases were matched with equal number of controls matching and Data analyzed. Results: Prevalence of COPD was 8.02 % among 35 years & above age group. Smoking, passive smoking, biomass fuel smoke exposure, occupational exposure to dust/smoke/gas /chemical vapors at work, frequent respiratory infections, family history of COPD were found important determinants of COPD (P<0.05). Physical activity and body mass index were not found significant contributor on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among all COPD patients 87.83% seeks immediate medical help in case of any breathing discomfort. Annual economic burden on COPD case was found to be Rs 14804/-. Conclusions: Smoking, exposure to smoke/dusty /chemical vapors and family history of COPD are main determinant of COPD. Public health planners should concentrate to mitigate these causes.
ABSTRACT
Background: Vitamin D deficiency is recognized as a global public health problem. In India Vitamin D Deficiency is prevalent, a finding that is unexpected in a tropical country with abundant sunshine. This study evaluated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among geriatric patients.Methods: The present study was a hospitalized based cross sectional study conducted among geriatric patients attending the ortho. OPD of CIMS, Lucknow. Those elderly (>60 yrs) consenting to participate were including in this study .Patients who were on vitamin D3 & calcium supply (6 month) were excluded. Results: In this study we have taken 200 sample size. Geriatric patients who were not on vitamin D and calcium supplements for last 6 months were included for the study. Out of 200 participants, only 27(13.5%) participants had normal vitamin D levels and 173 (86.5%) study participants had low vitamin D levels among them 112 (56%) participants had vitamin D deficiency, 61(30.5%) participants had vitamin D insufficiency. Conclusions: Present study confirmed that Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health problem among geriatric age group.